Bones of the Upper Extremity

Your goal is to be able to identify, using the mounted skeleton and individual bones, all of the following bones, landmarks, and whether a bone is left or right.

Shoulder Girdle
The bones of the shoulder girdle articulate loosely to the axial skeleton through the sternoclavicular joints ventrally
- Scapula
  1. borders
    - vertebral (medial)
    - axillary (lateral)
    - superior
  2. surfaces & parts
    - supraspinous fossa
    - infraspinous fossa
    - subscapular fossa
  3. projections
    - scapular spine
    - acromion
    - coracoid
      develops from a separate center of ossification
    - supraglenoid tubercle
  4. articular surfaces
    - glenoid fossa
    - facet for clavicle
  5. other features
    - suprascapular notch
- Clavicle
Arm (brachium)
- Humerus
  1. ends
    - proximal: head
    - distal: trochlea & capitulum
  2. projections
    - greater tubercle
    - lesser tubercle
    - deltoid tuberosity
    - medial & lateral epicondyles
  3. articular surfaces
    - head
      articulates with glenoid fossa of scapula
    - trochlea (medial)
      articulates with semilunar notch of ulna
    - capitulum (lateral)
      articulates with head of radius
  4. other features
    - anatomic neck
    - surgical neck
    - intertubercular (bicipital) groove
    - shaft
    - coronoid fossa
    - radial fossa
    - olecranon fossa
Forearm (antebrachium)
- Radius (lateral)
  1. ends
    - proximal: head
    - distal: styloid process
  2. projections
    - radial tuberosity
    - styloid process (lateral)
    - interosseous ridge (medial)
  3. articular surfaces
    - head
      articulates with capitulum of humerus
    - ulnar notch (distal) articulates with head of ulna
    - articular surface for carpals articulates with scaphoid & lunate
  4. other features
    - neck
    - shaft
- Ulna (medial)
  1. ends
    - proximal: olecranon
    - distal: head & styloid process
  2. projections
    - coronoid process (anterior)
    - styloid process (distal & medial)
    - interosseous ridge (lateral)
    - olecranon process (proximal)
    - head (distal)
  3. articular surfaces
    - semilunar (trochlear) notch (on olecranon)
      articulates with trochlea proximally
    - radial notch (proximal & lateral)
      articulates with head of radius
    - head (distal)
      articulates with ulnar notch on radius
  4. other features
    - shaft
Wrist (carpus)
- Proximal carpal row
  1. scaphoid (lateral)
  2. lunate
  3. triquetral
  4. pisiform (medial)
    out of plane
- Distal carpal row
  1. trapezium (lateral)
  2. trapezoid
  3. capitate
  4. hamate (medial)
    possesses hamulus
    1. articulates distally with metacarpals IV & V
Hand (manus)
- Metacarpals
  1. I (lateral)
    - articulates with trapezium
  2. II
    - articulates with trapezoid
  3. III
    - articulates with capitate
  4. IV
    - articulates with hamate
  5. V (lateral)
    - articulates with hamate
- Phalanges
  1. digit I
    - only two: proximal phalanx & distal phalanx
  2. digit II
    - has three: proximal, intermediate, & distal
  3. digit III
    - has three
  4. digit IV
    - has three
  5. digit V
    - has three

[ A&P1 Syllabus ]

Version 1c