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Chapters 22


MULTIPLE CHOICE.  Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1)  The most powerful respiratory stimulus for breathing in a healthy person is: 
    A)  loss of oxygen in tissues. 
    B)  increase of carbon dioxide. 
    C)  decreased pH (acidosis). 
    D)  increased pH (alkalosis). 


2)  The respiratory membrane is a combination of: 
    A)  respiratory bronchioles and alveolar ducts. 
    B)  alveolar and capillary walls and their fused basal laminae. 
    C)  atria and alveolar sacs. 
    D)  respiratory bronchioles and alveolar sacs.  


3)  Select the correct statement about the neural mechanisms of respiratory control. 
    A)  The pons is thought to be instrumental in the smooth transition from inspiration to expiration. 
    B)  The ventral respiratory group (expiratory center) neurons depolarize in a rhythmic way to establish the pattern of breathing. 
    C)  The pneumotaxic center continuously stimulates the medulla to provide inspiratory drive. 
    D)  The dorsal respiratory group (inspiratory center) is contained within the pons. 


4)  Respiratory control centers are located in the: 
    A)  midbrain and medulla. 
    B)  medulla and pons. 
    C)  pons and midbrain. 
    D)  upper spinal cord and medulla. 


5)  The walls of the alveoli are composed of two types of cells, type I and type II. The function of type II is: 
    A)  to secrete surfactant. 
    B)  to trap dust and other debris. 
    C)  to replace mucus in the alveoli. 
    D)  to protect the lungs from bacterial invasion.