Cardiovascular Physiology —
Control of Blood Flow

Blood flow in response to need

nutrient delivery

signal delivery

waste removal

compositional maintenance

special needs

Mechanisms of control

acute control

tissue metabolism

changing oxygen availability

vasodilator theory

adenosine

histamine

nutrient lack theory

vasomotion

vitamin deficiency — beriberi

special mechanisms

reactive hyperemia

active hyperemia

“autoregulation”

metabolic theory

myogenic theory

“special” mechanisms

brain

kidneys

nitric oxide (NO)

endothelial-derived relaxing factor (EDRF)

sildenafil (Viagra™), vardenafil (Levitra™), and tadalafil (Cialis™)

long-term control

“tissue vacularity” changes

role of oxygen

angiogenic factors

vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)

fibroblast growth factor

angiogenin

collateral circulation

humoral control

vasoconstrictors

norepinephrine

epinephrine

angiotensin II

vasopressin (ADH)

endothelin

vasodilators

bradykinin

kallikrein

alpha2-globulin

kallidin

histamine

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