Brain Anatomy 2

Cerebrum

topology

longitudinal fissure

corpus callosum

surfaces: dorsolateral, inferior, medial

poles: frontal, occipital, temporal

cortex

lobes

frontal

parietal

gyri

sulci

lateral sulcus (Sylvian fissure)

insula

temporal lobe

primary auditory center: Brodmann ¹ area 41 ²^, ³
secondary centers: Brodmann areas 42, 22

parietal lobe

speech center: Brodmann area 44

central sulcus (fissure of Rolando)

frontal lobe

precentral gyrus

primary motor cortex: Brodmann area 4

parietal lobe

postcentral gyrus

somatesthetic cortex: Brodmann areas 1–3

calcarine sulcus

visual area: Brodmann area 17

parietooccipital sulcus

parietal lobe

occipital lobe

sulcus cinguli parallels corpus callosum

gyrus cinguli: smell association

collateral sulcus inferiorly

hippocampal gyrus lies medial

uncus: smell & taste appreciation

association areas

white matter

association tracts

short association fibers

long association fibers

commissural tracts

corpus callosum

anterior and posterior commissural tracts

projection tracts

ascending [afferent] mostly from thalamus

descending [efferent]

corona radiata

basal ganglia

caudate nucleus, putamen, claustrum, amygdaloid nucleus, globus pallidus [putamen + globus pallidus = lentiform nucleus]

internal capsule [between caudate and lentiform nuclei]

external capsule [outside of lentiform nucleus]

claustrum [lies lateral to external capsule]

conditioned reflexes

Pavlovian conditioning

milk let-down

Ventricles of the brain

fourth ventricle

choroid plexus

capillaries are part of pia, but covered with ependymal cells

production of CSF

median aperture (foramen of Magendie)

lateral aperture (foramina of Luschka)

hydrocephalus

cerebral aqueduct (aqueduct of Sylvius)

lies within mesencephalon

third ventricle

choroid plexus

interventricular foramina (foramina of Monro)

lateral ventricles

septum pellucidum

central portion

choroid plexus

anterior, posterior, and inferior horns

arachnoid villi of the superior sagittal sinus

Meninges of the brain

dura mater

periosteal dura

meningeal dura

falx cerebri

superior and inferior sagittal sinuses

tentorium cerebelli

transverse and superior petrosal sinuses

straight sinus

falx cerebelli

occipital sinus

diaphragma sellae

arachnoid

subdural space

subarachnoid space

arachnoid trabeculae

over the gyri, pia + arachnoid = leptomeninx

cisterns

arachnoid villi

pia mater

Blood supply to the brain

common carotid a

external carotid a

internal carotid a

enters carotid canal

posterior communicating a

ophthalmic a

anterior cerebral a

middle cerebral a

subclavian a

internal thoracic a

thyrocervical trunk

costocervical trunk

vertebral a

through transverse processes of superior six cervical vertebrae

spinal branches

anterior spinal a

cerebellar branches

posterior inferior cerebellar a

anterior inferior cerebellar a

forms basilar a

posterior cerebral aa

circle of Willis (circulus arteriosus cerebri)

R posterior cerebral a -> R posterior communicating a ->
R internal carotid a -> R anterior cerebral a ->
anterior communicating a -> L anterior cerebral a ->
L internal carotid a -> L posterior communicating a ->
L posterior cerebral a -> basilar a bifurcation ->
R posterior cerebral a ->...

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Brain Anatomy 2

Cerebrum

Ventricles of the brain

Meninges of the brain

Blood supply to the brain

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