cell types
granular
fusiform
pyramidal
cortical layers
| I | molecular layer |
| II | external granular layer |
| III | pyramidal cell layer |
| IV | internal granular layer |
| V | large pyramidal cell layer |
| VI | fusiform cell layer |
agranular cortex... motor
granular cortex... sensory
thalamocortical system
primary sensory areas
somatic, visual, auditory
examples of loss: anencephalic infant
sensory association areas
examples of loss: dyslexia
Wernicke’s area
role in cerebration
storage of complicated memory patterns?
angular gyrus for visual signals
dominant hemisphere
role of language in function of Wernicke’s area
Wernicke’s area in the nondominant hemisphere
visual patterning, spatial relationships, somatic experiencing
face recognition area
inferior occipital and temporal lobes
prosophenosia
prefrontal areas
choice of behavioral options for social/physical situations
prevention of distractibility [loss of thought sequencing]
elaboration of thought and prognostication
holistic theory of thoughts
cortical, thalamic, limbic, and upper reticular involvement in analysis of general qualities
cerebral cortex in formation of discrete qualities
consciousness... continuing stream of awareness of surroundings/thoughts
memory
sensory memory
very short, hundreds of msec
primary memory
a few seconds to a few minutes
replaced by new data
secondary memory
long-term storage
requires search
physiological basis of memory 1
reverberating circuit theory of primary memory
alteration of synapses for secondary memory
anatomic changes in synapses
physicochemical changes in pre- or postsynaptic elements
habituation and facilitator terminals
serotonin
adenylate cyclase
cyclic AMP [cAMP]
protein kinase
reduction of potassium conductance
prolongation of action potential
prolongation of calcium channel activation
increased release of neurotransmitter
formation of the memory engram
consolidation of memory
5–10 min for minimal, one hour for maximal
role of rehearsal in memory transference
codification of memories during consolidation
role of the hippocampi (most medial portions of temporal lobe cortex)
anterograde amnesia
role of thalamus?
retrograde amnesia
analysis of information by splitting its qualities
analysis of new information by comparison with memories
analysis of patterns
sensory aspects
auditory receptive aphasia [word deafness]
visual receptive aphasia [word blindness]
Wernicke’s aphasia [sensory aphasia]
inability to interpret thought
motor aspects
formation of thoughts to be expressed
Wernicke’s area
motor control of vocalization
Broca’s area
motor aphasia
articulation
facial and laryngeal regions of motor cortex
cerebellum, basal ganglia, sensory cortex
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