[ Page created 1999-12-09 ][ Last updated 2008-08-07 ]
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transverse section of the 54-hour chick embryo
paraxial mesoderm
forms musculoskeletal system, dermis
intermediate mesoderm
contributes urinary and reproductive system structures
lateral mesoderm
intraembryonic coelomic cavities
mesothelial linings
somatic mesoderm + ectoderm = somatopleure
splanchnic mesoderm + endoderm = splanchnopleure
cavities
abdominopelvic cavity
abdominal cavity
false pelvis
pelvic inlet
true pelvis
perineum
peritoneum
layers: parietal and visceral
examples
greater omentum
omental bursa
lesser omentum
epiploïc foramen (of Winslow)
mesenteries
examples: transverse mesocolon, the mesentery
ligaments
examples: falciform ligament, gastrolienic ligament
intraperitoneal vs. retroperitoneal
presentation of the design of the tube
structural plan
mucosa
epithelium
stratified squamous
simple columnar
presence of goblet cells
lamina propria
loose connective tissue
muscularis mucosae
smooth muscle
luminal modifications
villi
plicae
submucosa
loose connective tissue
muscularis externa
skeletal muscle
smooth muscle
serosa or adventitia
glands
mucosal
submucosal
abdominal blood supply from ventral branches off the aorta
foregut-derived organs [stomach, duodenum, liver, pancreas]
celiac trunk
midgut [distal duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, ascending colon, most of transverse colon]
superior mesenteric a
hindgut [distal transverse colon, descending and sigmoid colons, upper third of rectum]
inferior mesenteric a
hepatic portal system of venous drainage
splenic v
inferior mesenteric v
superior mesenteric v
parasympathetic
vagus n [cranial n X]
sacral splanchnic nn
sympathetic
postganglionic fibers from celiac, superior mesenteric, and inferior mesenteric ganglia
intrinsic system
myenteric (Auerbach’s) plexus
submucosal (Meissner’s) plexus
mouth
lips and cheeks
vestibule
labial and buccal salivary glands
oral cavity
gingivae
teeth
alveolar processes of mandible and maxillae
crown
enamel
root
cementum
periodontal ligament
dentin
pulp cavity
root canal
apical foramen
deciduous teeth
dental formula: 2-1-0-2
incisors - canine - premolars - molars
permanent teeth
dental formula: 2-1-2-3
tongue
lingual frenulum
foramen cecum
taste buds
lingual tonsils
lingual salivary glands
intrinsic muscles
extrinsic muscles
genioglossus, hyoglossus, palatoglossus mm, &c
palate
hard palate
soft palate
muscles
levator veli palatini m
tensor veli palatini m
palatine tonsils
salivary glands
parotid glands
serous secretion
parotid (Stenson’s) duct
submandibular glands
mixed (seromucous) secretion
submandibular (Wharton’s) duct
sublingual glands
mucous secretion
multiple ducts
digestive processes
mechanical
teeth & tongue
chemical
amylase
pharynx
nasopharynx
choanae
respiratory epithelium [pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells]
pharyngeal tonsil (adenoid)
pharyngotympanic (eustachian) tubes
oropharynx
isthmus of the fauces
palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches
laryngopharynx
laryngeal orifice
digestive process
deglutition
esophagus 2
stomach
greater curvature
lesser curvature
cardia
cardioesophageal sphincter (LES)
achalasia
gastric reflux
fundus
body
pyloric region
pyloric sphincter
pyloric stenosis 3
gastric glands
located in gastric pits
contain specialized cells
parietal cells - HCl
chief cells - pepsinogen
digestive processes
mechanical
churning movements
chemical
pepsin
activation of pepsinogen by HCl
small intestine
duodenum
superior portion
descending portion
duodenal papilla
ampulla of Vater
horizontal portion
ascending portion
duodenojejunal flexure
ligament of Treitz
jejunum
ileum
Peyer’s patches
ileocecal valve
digestive processes
mechanical
segmentation contractions
peristalsis
chemical
extrinsic juices
intrinsic secretions
fluid reabsorption
large intestine
cecum
vermiform appendix
ascending colon
transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon
rectum
anal canal
internal anal sphincter
external anal sphincter
digestive processes
mechanical
segmentation contractions
peristalsis
chemical
excretion
feces formation
accessory digestive organs
liver and gallbladder
lobes
right
left
quadrate
caudate
ligamentum teres hepatis
bare area of the liver
biliary ducts
R and L hepatic ducts
common hepatic duct
cystic duct
common bile duct
hepatic functions
produces bile
detoxifies chemicals
stores glucose as glycogen
removes bilirubin from blood
makes plasma proteins
pancreas
anatomy
head, neck, body, and tail
ducts
main pancreatic duct (of Wirsung)
from ventral pancreas
accessory pancreatic duct (of Santorini)
from dorsal pancreas
functional components
exocrine pancreas
α-amylase
proteases
trypsinogen --> trypsin
trypsin inhibitor
enterokinase
chymotrypsinogen --> chymotrypsin
procarboxypolypeptidase --> carboxypolypeptidase
lipases
endocrine pancreas (islets of Langerhans)
β-cells: insulin
α-cells: glucagon
| Questions for thought | ||
|---|---|---|
| 1. | Diagram and label the general design of the digestive system tube. Note the modification(s) of any layer that is particular to a specific organ. Include the components of the enteric nervous system in your illustration. | |
| 2. | Describe the anatomy of a typical tooth. Distinguish the deciduous and permanent dentitions. | |
| 3. | List the glands which are not intrinsic to the gut tube. Note the secretions of each gland and where the duct of each empties in the lumen of the tube. | |
| 4. | Describe what is meant by the terms intraperitoneal, primarily retroperitoneal, and secondarily retropertioneal as applied to the abdominopelvic gut tube members. | |
| 5. | Relate the blood supply of the abdominopelvic gut tube members to three ventral arterial branches of the abdominal aorta. | |
| 6. | Discuss the embryogenesis of the pancreas. Distinguish the functional differences of the exocrine and endocrine pancreas. | |
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[ Anatomy & Physiology 2 syllabus ][
Anatomy & Physiology 3 syllabus ] [ Page created 1999-12-09 ][ Last updated 2008-08-07 ] [ Questions about this lecture? E-mail me ] |
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